Rhizoremediation of Lead Using Alternanthera Versicolor

Rhizoremediation of Lead Using Alternanthera Versicolor Shalini S., Priyasha G., Sohini B. furthermore, Jabez Osborne W* Dynamic: Anthropogenic improvement has been a significant downside because of the expanded release of substantial metals into the earth containing the immersed and unsaturated zones of soil. Overwhelming metals are those which have thickness more than 5gram per cm 3D shape. Lead causes significant wellbeing perils like Plumbism (lead harming) at higher fixations. In the current investigation the capacity of Alternenthera versicolor to phytoremediate poisonous lead pollution was surveyed at various groupings of lead. To upgrade the take-up abilities of Alternenthera versicolor, bacterial living being equipped for lead corruption was enhanced. The examples were removed at a time frame, 20 and 30 days. The take-up of lead was surveyed by AAS, chlorophyll and anthocyanin content was additionally checked. Further the successful strain were portrayed by 16s rRNA sequencing. Catchphrases: Rhizoremediation, 16s rRNA, PGPR, AAS, Anthocyanin, Chlorophyll Presentation The most well-known substantial metals found in perilous destinations are Lead(Pb), Copper(Cu), Chromium(Cr),Nickel(Ni) and Zinc(Zn).Ionic and hydroxide structures are the general types of these overwhelming metals found in soil, ground water and surface water (Gade,.2000). Substantial metal pollution is a significant concern since they can't be corrupted (Lone et al,. 2008). Plant development advancing rhizobacteria are heterogeneous gathering of microscopic organisms that can be found in the rhizosphere, and in relationship with roots. The plant-microorganisms synergistic communication in the rhizosphere is determinants of plant development and richness. These include the capacity to deliver indole acidic corrosive which is a significant development administrative hormone, to create siderophores which empower the take-up of solubilised mineral phosphate from the dirt, HCN creation and Ammonia creation. Morphological examinations include the root and shoot length. Henceforth relying on the outcomes got for every focus, we can decide the most extreme fixation at which the microorganisms can withstand lead tainting. Along these lines the current examination includes the phytoremediation of lead gracefully by Alternenthera versicolor followed by the rhizoremedial tidy up by the synergistic collaboration between the compelling rhizobacterial detach and the plant. MATERIALS AND METHODS Test Collection For the seclusion of lead corrupting microscopic organisms, tannery ooze was gathered from four areas in Vellore, Tamil Nadu, India. All the examples were gathered utilizing sterile polyethylene packs and were safeguarded promptly (McGrath et al,. 2001). Seclusion of lead safe microbes from tannery muck test Lead safe microscopic organisms were segregated from tannery muck utilizing sequential weakening strategy and 10-4 weakenings onto MSM agar plates enhanced with 150 mg/L lead fixation. The got unadulterated settlements were decontaminated on MSM agar plates with 150mg/L lead. Screening Techniques The successful disengages got from the tannery slime test, were screened for its PGPR characteristics. Indole Acetic Acid Production For estimation of IAA creation, the strategy depicted by (Gordon et al,â 2000). was followed. The disconnects were immunized in Nutrient stock and were brooded in the shaker at 120 rpm for 24hours. 100  µl of inocula from overnight culture of NB was vaccinated in MS Media that was enhanced with 5mM L-tryptophan and was brooded in shaker for 48hours. The way of life acquired were centrifuged at 10000 rpm for 10 minutes. 2ml of supernatant was taken and hardly any drops of Salkowski’s reagent was added to it. Optical thickness was taken at 530 nm utilizing spectrophotometer. (Hussain et. al,. 2013) Phosphate Solubilisation For the identification of phosphate solubilising capacity of the compelling separate, Pikovskaya agar media was vaccinated with powerful seclude and zone of restraint was seen following 4 days hatching at RT. (Hussain et. al.â 2013) Development Kinetics Study For development energy study, seed culture of the successful disconnect VITPSS1J was set up in MSM. 2% inoculum of 0.5 OD culture was included LB stock. O.D readings were taken at each 30 mins till fixed stage was accomplished and a plot was plotted against O.D. what's more, time span. Readiness of pot societies 64 pots were arranged each comprising of one control and three test pots (Cosio et al, .2004). 2 kgs of sieved garden soil was utilized to plant Alternanthera versicolor plantlets (20 cm long) in each pot. Pots were set in nursery for 10 days for the plantlets to get adjusted. The pot culture sets were set up as per two models: 1. As indicated by different convergences of lead being included and 2. As indicated by the quantity of long periods of study (10, 20). After the adjustment was finished, different fixations (25mg/L, 50mg/L, 75mg/L and 100 mg/L) of lead was included at customary span. Fig 1: Pot societies of Alternanthera versicolor arranged in 2 kg soil with shifting lead focus Treatment of viable strain in pots Seed culture of powerful segregate VITPSS1J was set up in Nutrient stock (hatched at RT for 24 hrs). The bacterial culture was further mass increased by vaccinating 100î ¼l of seed culture into 4 Erlenmeyer carafes, each containing 250ml NB. 10 ml of this mass increased culture was added to each pot and left for next 10 days (Hussain et al,. 2013). Following 10 days, first arrangement of plants were evacuated from the pots (tenth day pots everything being equal). Further examinations were done on the removed plants so as to consider the take-up of lead by these plants in relationship with microscopic organisms in 10 days. Morphological portrayal The root and shoot length of the removed plants was determined. The length of root and shoot of the test plants were contrasted and that of the control plants. Correlation of the root-shoot length was likewise done among plants evacuated from different fixations. The shade of the plants was likewise watched. Anthocyanin Estimation Anthocyanin is a shade answerable for the red, purple, blue shade of a few foods grown from the ground, oats and grains. Anthocyanin can likewise be utilized as a pH pointer. Each plant was read for the measure of anthocyanin present. The leaves of a plant were taken and ground with 70% ethanol and 7% acidic corrosive (in the proportion 3:2) in a mortar-pestle and moved to Falcon tubes. Sterile water was included all cylinders including the controls. The cylinders were kept in rotating shaker for 10 minutes and afterward centrifuged (15 mins, 4 ºC, 4500 rpm). The supernatant was expelled and 400  µl of methanol was included every cylinder. The anthocyanin content was estimated by taking the UV spectrophotometric perusing at 530 nm and 657 nm. A similar strategy was followed for all the 12 plants. Chlorophyll Estimation Each plant was additionally read for deciding the chlorophyll content. The leaves were cut into little pieces and blended in with 70% ethanol and ground utilizing mortar-pestle. The blend was then moved to Falcon tubes and centrifuged at 6000 rpm for 10 mins. Supernatant was utilized for spectrophotometer test of chlorophyll at 665nm and 652 nm. RESULTS Separation of lead safe microorganisms An aggregate of three morphologically unmistakable settlements were seen in MSM agar plates enhanced with 150mg/l of lead and named VITPSS1J, VITPSS2J, VITPSS3J Fig 2: Mother culture plates of the separated microbes from tannery ooze B. PGPR investigation of separates Indole Acetic Acid Production: The capacity of acquired separates for IAA creation was evaluated. Pink hue was watched for disengage VITPSS3J. Consequently VITPSS3J was utilized for additional investigations. Phosphate Solubilisation: For the discovery of phosphate solubilisation, an away from of hindrance is considered as a positive adaptation for solubilisation. As the separates couldn't create any unmistakable zone saw in the Pikovskaya media plate, the secludes were viewed as negative for phosphate solubilisation. Development Kinetics: Development energy was performed for viable isolateVITPSS3J. Fixed stage was accomplished at 270 min (Graph1) B. Morphological Characterisation: The leaves of Alternanthera versicolor are initially ruddy purple in shading. In any case, it was seen that after the gracefully of lead in the dirt the shade of leaves turned green. Root and shoot length were estimated for Alternanthera versicolor at normal time frame, 20 days to check the impact of harmful lead grouping of plant development (Table1, Table2). Table 2: Root and shoot estimation following 10 days of perception Table 3: Root and Shoot estimation following 20 days of perception Anthocyanin and Chlorophyll fixation Anthocyanin is a shade liable for purple, blue shade of a few organic products grains and blossoms. Chlorophyll is a shade which gives green shading to the plant. (Table 3, 4) Table 4: Anthocyanin and Chlorophyll estimation following 10 days of perception Table 5: Anthocyanin and Chlorophyll estimation following 20 days of perception Figure 1 Estimation of anthocyanin following 10 days of perception Figure 2 Estimation of chlorophyll b by utilizing spectrophotometer (652nm) Figure 3Fig 5: Estimation of chlorophyll an utilizing spectrophotometer (665 nm) following 10 days of perception Figure 4. Estimation of Anthocyanin following 20 days of perception Figure 5Fig 7: Estimation of chlorophyll b by utilizing spectrophotometer (652 nm) following 10 days of perception Figure 6Fig 8: Estimation of chlorophyll a by utilizing spectrophotometer (665 nm) following 20 days of perception Sub-atomic portrayal The acquired disconnect was described molecularly by 16s rRNA sequencing (Sarita et al,. 2005). Successful bacterial strains were described utilizing the all inclusive preliminaries 27F (5’-AGAGTTTGATCCTGGCTCAG-3’) and 1492R (GGTTACCTTGTTTTACGACTT-3†). DNA extricates from cell’s DNA and the 16s Rrn

Reaction Paper on “Matilda” Essay

â€Å"If you’re not having a great time, you’re not learning†, this statement is taken structure the film â€Å"Matilda†. This is exceptionally significant to me since it is set in the study hall of Miss Honey and it repudiates the school’s mood of not being a favorable spot (or even a great spot) learn. This obviously is strengthened with the meanest chief on Earth, Miss Trunchbull, who is in actuality loathes youngsters. I do concur with the statement in such a case that you’re not messing around with what you are doing, at that point it would not be fun and it would not be even significant. I likewise imagine that having a ton of fun condition will positively affect the student. The film has parts that the class truly delighted in. The most exciting parts for me were: 1) Matilda found her capacity; 2) Matilda was embraced by Miss Honey. I like the first in light of the fact that I’m consistently entranced about otherworldly powers and otherworldliness. My perusing inclinations are consistently of an enchanted type, loaded with witches, spell, and otherworldly creatures and such. At the point when I was a kid, I have an exceptionally wide creative mind and I will consistently envision myself as a warlock throwing spells or an unprecedented being that have powers like supernatural power, imperceptibility, shape shifter and some more. I likewise like the second one since I accept that each youngster merits the most ideal home. A kid ought to have a home and a family that will empower and upgrade their psyche. The film, â€Å"Matilda†, is an excellent film about perusing and about fellowship in the family. In the film, perusing for me is delineated in two different ways. To start with, perusing is a benefit expertise that lone the complex individuals can rehearse completely. This is half evident in light of the fact that these days the costs of book are unreasonably costly for the destitute individuals or even a portion of the white collar class individuals. Indeed, even a portion of the books that are distributed here in the Philippines are excessively costly. Yet, because of the exceptionally well known Book Sale, we can bear the cost of worldwide or even nearby books that have a generally excellent position and storyline. The second is perusing as an incredible asset in engaging easy to complex circumstances. There was one video I viewed there the administrator said that â€Å"If information is power, at that point I am responsible for an arsenal.† The books are ground-breaking munititions stockpiles; they’re like projectiles and our psyche (while understanding them) is the firearm. Matilda is a wide and complex peruser. Wide such that she peruses books from various types and various times. Complex such that she peruses books that are way passed her capacity or understanding as a youngster. I can truly identify with Matilda such that I need to peruse such huge numbers of books so seriously yet because of certain conditions I can't. I can likewise identify with Matilda’s excitement in perusing. I also am anxious in perusing, fog particularly when I like the book. I generally attempt to peruse book from various types and periods, much the same as Matilda. Perusing that generally can upgrade your insight and different aptitudes like correspondence and social abilities. All things considered, â€Å"Matilda† is a generally excellent film with a ton of exercises like conquering a hindrance is to confront it wholeheartedly and don’t belittle others. The guardians are the ones who will ingrain the compensating aptitude of perusing to their youngsters. What's more, I quote from one Emilie Buchwald, â€Å"Children are made perusers on the laps of their parents.† We should all be Matilda, an extremely wide and complex peruser and an exceptionally eager one as well. Not being a cliché kid who just plays outside. Finally, I quote from one Frederick Douglass, â€Å"Once you figure out how to peruse, you will be perpetually free.†

Experience & self awareness Essay

Notwithstanding my work understanding, I have solid correspondence, client support, office, and authoritative aptitudes and comprehend with the instruction hypothesis from a portion of my modules I finished and have such a great amount of enthusiasm for the neighborliness/the travel industry field. I am glad to learn new aptitudes as this will assist me with picking up understanding for my future profession and would be excited to work for a fruitful firm like Holiday Inn. Besides I can guarantee you my administration will be of advantage ,I unquestionably anticipate hearing back from you soon. 1. Kathy needed adequate passionate knowledge to be compelling in her new task chief task without anyone else mindfulness: Kathy had a profound comprehension of her quality not her shortcoming to have the opportunity to converse with her staff. There was additionally absence of sympathy as she neglected to have the â€Å"ability to perceive the sentiments and desires for other people and bring them into consideration† as they were likewise neighborhood occupants. Poor relationship with the staff came about to â€Å"a battle of detached protection from her leadership†. 2. The component she display effectively were: †¢Motivation: in spite of the fact that the venture turned out to be immediately hindered because of lackluster showing she despite everything figured out how to rouse herself and â€Å"pushed her group hard†. Additionally by settling objectives for staff and senior individuals from the task to â€Å"work long hours† to achieve significant achievements so as to finish the task. B. Principle techniques for correspondence include: Verbal correspondence either through sound, work or addressing different individuals from the task or recorded clasps of the senior individuals. Additionally Written correspondence either messaging or letters with the utilization of PCs and web for messages. Furthermore visual correspondence through diagrams from exceed expectations or video cuts on YouTube or TV in this way adding to the IT and applications. C. 5 Traits of enthusiastic insight me: Self mindfulness: In secondary school was given an introduction on Kidneys, a touchy theme figured out how to trust my intuition& assumed responsibility for my feelings as that was my shortcoming. Self guideline: one of my cousins utilized my pack without soliciting, I needed to consider how I was going to converse with them as opposed to battling. Inspiration: When given at least 2 assignments during school treated myself on the off chance that I completed a day prior to the deadline& the days expanded as the year advanced. Compassion: when my companion lost her job& I had quite recently found a new line of work I helped her with a portion of her bills as I had been in a comparative circumstance previously. Social abilities: I figured out how to manufacture a decent connection with my new coworkers just as keeping up one with my loved ones.

Leadership Qualities of Martin Luther King Free Essays

I. Presentation Martin Luther King Jr. was a United States minister and social liberties pioneer. We will compose a custom paper test on Authority Qualities of Martin Luther King or on the other hand any comparative point just for you Request Now Ruler turned into the nation’s most noticeable representative for equivalent equity for dark Americans. He was an alluring pioneer and a persuasive speaker, who lectured peaceful protection from vile laws and practices, a strategy he embraced from Indian pioneer Mohandas K. Gandhi. His social equality endeavors assisted with realizing entry of the Civil Rights Act of 1964 and the Voting Rights Act of 1965. He was granted the Nobel Peace Prize in 1964. In 1983, the U.S. Congress casted a ballot to make his birthday, January 15, a national occasion (celebrated on the third Monday of the month). Lord started his association in the advanced social equality development in 1955 with administration of the Montgomery (Alabama) transport blacklist, which finished isolated seating on that city’s open transports. He at that point encouraged dark Americans to follow the Montgomery model and win their privileges through peaceful dissent. As leader of the Southern Christian Leadership Conference, which he served to establish in 1957, King drove showings, walks, protests, and blacklists in numerous urban communities in both the South and the North, frequently meeting threatening vibe and now and again savagery (Haskins, 2000). He was imprisoned a few times in the South for his exercises. In 1967, he additionally turned into a pioneer of the harmony development, looking for a conclusion to the Vietnamese War. This paper investigates the authority characteristics of Martin Luther King. II. Foundation A. EARLY LIFE Martin Luther King was conceived in Atlanta, the capital of the US province of Georgia, on January 15, 1929. His dad, additionally called Martin, was a clergyman of the Christian religion and he gave his confidence to his child. At the point when Martin was extremely youthful, his family had the option to shield him from the shameful acts that dark individuals endured every day. Afterward, as he developed more established, he understood reality. His first school was for dark kids just, and in the avenues and shops of Atlanta, every single dark individuals were treated as peons (Lincoln, 2000). B. A COLLEGE EDUCATION Martin Luther King was an incredible understudy, and at 15 years of age he proceeded onward to Morehouse College in Atlanta. There he concluded that he needed to be a minister like his dad. In 1948 he assumed up a position at Crozer Seminary in the province of Pennsylvania, far toward the north. While at Crozer, Martin got keen on the thoughts of the Indian chief Mohandas Gandhi. Specifically, he started to share Gandhi’s see that individuals ought not utilize brutality to battle unfairness. Martin likewise met Coretta Scott, a dark lady from the Southern territory of Alabama. The couple wedded in 1953, after Martin had left the theological college to read for a postgraduate certificate at Boston University in Massachusetts (Haskins, 2000). III. Conversation A. THE MONTGOMERY BUS BOYCOTT In May 1954, Martin became evangelist at Dexter Avenue Baptist Church in Montgomery, Alabama, and moved to the city with his better half. Around the same time, the US Supreme Court decided that isolated training wasn't right. This was an extraordinary jump forward for dark social liberties, yet it was just the start. In Martin’s new home of Montgomery, all the transports had separate seats for high contrast individuals. In the event that there were no free seats when a white individual jumped on a transport, the law said that a dark individual needed to surrender their seat. On December 1, 1955, a dark traveler called Rosa Parks would not stand up with the goal that a white man could plunk down. She was immediately captured (Oates, 2002). Martin and other nearby dark pioneers resented this foul play, so composed a transport blacklist. They solicited all the dark individuals from Montgomery to quit going by transport and, for longer than a year, most did. At long last, on December 20, 1956, the US Supreme Court decided that the transport isolation laws were against the constitution thus unlawful. B. Sorting out THE FIGHT In 1957, Martin Luther King and different pioneers set up an association called the Southern Christian Leadership Conference (SCLC). Its principle points were to end isolation, and to make it simpler for dark individuals to cast a ballot. The Constitution of the United States gave them this right, yet the legislatures of numerous individual states, particularly in the South, attempted to prevent them from casting a ballot. Throughout the following barely any years, Martin sorted out numerous strikes, walks and different fights. Simultaneously, he delighted in an upbeat family life and by 1963 he had four kids (Oates, 2002). C. A NEW ROLE? Martin didn't surrender his work. Rather, he started to contemplate the bad form looked by dark individuals in the northern conditions of the United States, and by different gatherings of individuals the nation over, especially the poor all things considered. He likewise started to battle against the war the Americans were battling in Vietnam. Martin’s last incredible arrangement was to lead a Poor People’s March to Washington, D.C. On April 4, 1968, while he was visiting the city of Memphis in Tennessee, he was shot dead by a got away from criminal called James Earl Ray. After four days, he was covered in Atlanta, Georgia (Lincoln, 2000). IV. End Martin Luther King Jr. has left an entirely striking notoriety that even his own race can't contrast and his outstanding record as a man who got changed America’s society.â â Martin Luther King, Jr. has really added to the historical backdrop of United States of America. His upstanding deeds won't be overlooked for each individual particularly for the individuals who experienced bigotry. He was a sort of a pioneer that had the option to lead a mass squirm for racial correspondence that destined division and carried changed to the United States of America. His death was not the finish of the â€Å"black individuals society† to continue battling for their privileges yet it was just the starting that propelled their hearts to keep battling for its standards and rights. Reference: 1. Haskins, J. The Life and Death of Martin Luther King, Jr. (Lothrop, Lee Shephard, 2000). 2. Lincoln, C.E. Martin Luther King, Jr.: a Profile (Hill Wang, 2000). 3. Oates, S.B. Allow the Trumpet To sound: the Life of Martin Luhter King, Jr. (Harper Row, 2002). Step by step instructions to refer to Leadership Qualities of Martin Luther King, Essay models

It is Theater - Literature Essay Samples

Theatre began as a presentation of stories and ideas, mostly revolving around festival times in the calendar of the church year. This concept was carried on in Shakespeares times and is exemplified in his plays Twelfth Night, or What You Will and A Midsummer Nights Dream. These plays express a carnival theme, implying a mixed-up time  ­ a time when anything goes and many things that would not be tolerated in normal life are easily overlooked and maybe even encouraged. Even though many of the ideas and emotions that occur in Shakespeares plays are common to everyone, it is still not representational because it does not even attempt to present it in a way that reflects real life. The language is artificial (though beautiful), the sets are sparse, the plots include illogical twists and turns we must simply accept, and the settings themselves are often fantastical.The theatres where Shakespeares plays were performed were built according to a common general design. Very briefly, th ere was a rather large playing area, with a trap door in the center of the stage. This was partially covered by a roof which supported a platform that served as a balcony and, possibly, as seating areas for more wealthy patrons. This may also have been used for musicians when necessary. Above this was the hut which allowed special effects to be performed (McDonald 116-117). There were no elaborate sets or backdrops used to create the surroundings. The setting was established using sparse furnishings, such as a table or a bed, or props that would only be used in an outdoor setting, such as torches or weapons (McDonald 110). These scanty accoutrements allowed great freedom in the pacing of the plays (because of ease of set changes) as well as requiring that the location be stated in the dialogue and substantiated through the imagination of the audience. This feature of Renaissance theatre contributed to the presentational quality of Shakespeares works because it did not detract from the language of the plays  ­ it did not distract the audience from the ideas and concepts that were presented. At the same time, it forced the spectator to create the missing pieces of the set in his mind, and it made it necessary for him to follow the action and dialogue very closely. Some things that were included in the production were often incorporated with the express purpose of keeping the audiences attention. Music was used as a device to accomplish this as well as to provide a neat beginning or ending to a scene.Shakespeare used his characters and settings to create wonderfully twisted comedic plots, but we must actively employ the willing suspension of disbelief in our analysis of them. In Twelfth Night, or What You Will, we are expected to believe that brother and sister, (who are twins) are, in fact identical twins and when dressed alike, are indistinguishable from each other. In The Comedy of Errors, we must not only believe that the twin brothers are ident ical, but that the two servants that serve them are identical as well. The action of Twelfth Night takes place in Illyria, which seems to be a place where magical things can happen. While A Midsummer Nights Dream is set in Athens, much of the action occurs in a nearby wooded area peopled with fairies and full of darkness and mythological inferences.One element of Shakespeares plays that is often unrealistic is time. This is due in part to the fact that there were no electric lights to establish the time of day or season, and the plays were performed by the light of day or (when performed at an indoor playhouse) by torchlight. Thus, it was necessary to establish the hour, as well as the scene, in the dialogue and/or the action itself. As night falls in Romeo and Juliet, torches are used to create the impression that the Montagues who pursue Romeo after the party scene are doing so in darkness, and when morning comes, Friar Lawrence remarks, The grey-eyd morn smiles on the frowni ng night (McDonald 111).Shakespeare is also known for manipulating time to fit the action, or to emphasize a certain point. Twelfth Night, or What You Will has an example of this when, at the beginning of Scene 4, Valentine states that Viola has been in the service of Orsino for just three days. However, at the end of the play, Orsino attests that Three months this youth [Cesario] hath tended upon meŠ (Shakespeare 470). This could, however, be more rhetorical than literal: the three days could be meant to highlight the bond that has grown between Orsino and his new servant so quickly, and the three months emphasizes the many changes that have occurred in the time that has passed. In addition to this apparent discrepancy, time seems to cease after its mention in Act II, until Act V, when Antonio is asked when he arrived. He replies, TodayŠ, (Shakespeare 470) implying that all the action to that point through the end of Act V took place in one day. Another example of Shake speares apparent distortion of time occurs in The Comedy of Errors, when all of the action of the play must lead to a climax at 5:00 in the afternoon. This is when Egeon is scheduled for execution, Angelo must pay the Second Merchant his money, and the meeting of Antipholus of Syracuse and the merchant is supposed to take place. This allows a great deal of comedic tension and provides for a particularly effective climactic scene when all the misunderstandings are cleared up for the audience as well as the characters.A Midsummer Nights Dream is possibly Shakespeares most fantastical play in its plot, as well as in the fact that there are actual fairies in the cast. It contains a play within a play that closely mirrors the real action, but differs in that it shows the tragedy that might have occurred if the fairies had not done their part to remedy the situation. It also illustrates the theme of reality versus theatre. Nick Bottom insists that the ladies will be frightened by the appearance of the lion and convinces the writers of Pyramus and Thisbe to include in the prologue an explanation of the lion as being just an actor, and also to clearly inform the audience that his suicide is not real, but is only acting. Thus Shakespeare is making a not-so-subtle point that in reality, the theatre is only acting, and is further trying to convince the public that what is presented is inconsequential because it is merely a faà §ade; and, then again, at the end, Puck apologizes to the audience, saying, If we shadows have offended, Think but this, and all is mended, That you have but slumbred here While these visions did appear. And this weak and idle theme, No more yielding but a dreamŠ(Shakespeare 280). This is partly due to the fact that if anyone was offended who may have been particularly powerful, the possibility existed that the work may be censored, or there may have been consequences for the actors themselves, even though they were only playing a part. While Shakespeare often mimicked life and even mirrored many things that are true in our human experience, he was always aware that he was presenting a picture. The audience always was, and still is, conscious of the fact that what they were watching was not a true representation of life as it is lived. It is theatre. Many of the ideas and emotions that Shakespeare expressed are, no doubt, common to most of us, but they are expressed in a necessarily dramatic manner. The very nature of Shakespeares work defines it as art, which is, was, and ever shall be a reflection and a result of, and, possibly, a changing force in the world around it.

The History Of Cross Culture Training Business Essay - Free Essay Example

With globalization in full swing, cross-cultural training is a necessity in the modern day world. The aspect of diverse culture in the business environment ought to be taken as a serious issue. Inability to understand and contain diverse culture in a business environment is critical as it can result into a diminishing business environment. Qualified decisions must be made as to the best cross-cultural training programs that an organization should adopt. There is no adequate research on this. This research study aims at establishing the adequacy of cross-cultural training by outside institutions such as universities in Chinese business environment rather than in-house cross-cultural training programs. To get the results, a comprehensive literature review was conducted. It was foun that cross-cultural training offered by outside institutions in Chinese business environment is common. This is due to the fact that China has unique cultures and in-house training on culture does not present sufficient opportunities for success. This study is essential as it serves to provide information to businesses not only in China but in other parts of the world regarding the best way to offer cross-cultural training to reap the benefits of the presence of diverse cultures in a business environment. Cross-Culture Training Cross-cul tural training is a phrase commonly used to define a form of training that is offered with an aim of highlighting the difficulties and problems faced in working in a cross-cultural context. In addition, cross-cultural training teaches both skills and methodologies necessary to overcome such difficulties. With globalization in full effect, cross-cultural training in businesses is indispensable. Since globalization took effect, the traditional way of business operation and communication in businesses has been dispensed. Indeed, in the modern day world, it has become exceedingly common for staff in a particular country to regularly deal with clients, colleagues or even suppliers in another country over such communication mediums as emails, telephones or even video conferencing. While people from different regions in the world may work for one organization, possess same knowledge and skills or even work in the same industry, the manner in which each individual works, interacts and does business may be characterized by vast differences. Therefore, when working in a multicultural context, having the appropriate professional skills and understanding personal and colleagues cultural make-up is indispensable as it helps avoid business failure and misunderstandings given rise by inadequate cultural sensitivity and competence. In the Middle East, especially China, businesses have increasingly realized the need for cross-cultural training. This follows after research identified that doing business in the Middle East presents formidable cultural challenges. Therefore, businesses in the region engage themselves rigorously in this aspect to ensure that their businesses operate effectively. A significant number of businesses in China tend to use outside institutions such as universities to conduct such training. Therefore, this paper aims at establishing the extent to which Chinese businesses use outside institutions cross-cultural training. Literature Review In a review of 228 multinational companies in China, Solomon (1994) found out that all the companies had well-designed cross-cultural programs for expatriates, which were administered not only before but also after the individuals left their home countries, if they wanted their expatriates perform successively oversees. In addition to this, Solomon (1994) established that out of the 228 multinational companies studied in China, 167 offered cross-cultural training to their expatriates through expatriates. Most of the companies studied used outside institutions such as higher educational facilities where professors, especially those specializing in business fields, offered cross-cultural training to the expatriates of the respective companies. In his study, Adler (2001) identified that cultural differences in the Middle East are too essential to be ignored or even denied. Adler and Bartholomew (1992) assert that the use of outside institutions by businesses with an aim of helping employees learn about different cultures is very essential. They further contend that higher education facility educators, who in most cases, have a high level of knowledge and skills in handling cultures owing to their education levels and experiences, facilitate and diffuse cultural synergies. Indeed, facilitation and diffusion of cultural synergies is considered to be an essential and a critical economic success factor. Forster (2000) supports this by indicating that employing the use of higher education faculties in a business organizations cross-cultural program is very essential as it serves to assist business expatriates adapt to living, as well as, working conditions in their host countries. Brewster (1995) sampled a total of 24 multinational companies in China. In the sample, 12 of those companies exercised cross-cultural training on their own while 12 of them employed the use outside institutions such as University professors to facilitate cross-cultural training. The r esearcher found out that the multinational companies that conducted cultural training on their own was insufficient, incomplete or simply non-existent. On the other hand, those that utilized the services of outside institutions were better placed in terms of business success since such aspects as misunderstandings within the business had been eliminated and thus an improved performance. Shumsky (1992) identifies that those companies that fail to provide cross-cultural training in their businesses through outside institutions often do so since they have no international experience. In addition, such businesses assume that offering such training through such institutions is a waste of business financial resources and not a necessity. Such businesses opt to offer cross-cultural training on their own without employing the use of other people with adequate knowledge and experience on the field. This is indeed, suicidal for a business since in-house training cannot render adequate cros s-cultural training, considering that it is a very broad issue and thus requires professionals to offer training on it. The culture and behavior in China is unique and many researchers identify it as an integral aspect of the Chinese language. For a business to be a success in the Chinese business environment, it is a mandate that a business first understands the customs and the context of the Chinese business. The requirement for this is adequate knowledge of the business culture in China. The Chinese higher education board has introduced a system where the curriculum addresses the diverse needs of cultures in China. This means that the educators who offer education on cultures are well versed with cultural knowledge, skills and experience. In Chinese educational facilities, students come from different backgrounds and thus diversified cultures. To ensure that there is no conflicting nature of education, the students are offered education on the best way to live and study as a u nit irrespective of the cultural differences. This is done by cultural training versed professors. The business environment in China is no different from educational facilities. Therefore, since higher education facility professors are well versed with knowledge, skills and experiences on cultural differences and coupling with their levels of education, they are seen as the best people to offer cultural education in the business environment. In his study, Tung (2002) suggested that the best and the most effective cross-cultural training in the Chinese business environment need to be specific and one that puts a stern focus on a particular population and situation. This can only be offered by outside institutions. The researcher further indicates that it is for this reason that it is logical that multinational companies, as well as, organizations in China provides their employees with specific cross-cultural training, which deals in important details about the Chinese population, as well as, project management issues by employing the services of outside cross-cultural training facilitators. Cross-cultural programs offered by outside institutions tends to put an exclusive focus on the specific culture, religion, as well as, on the manner in which laws, leadership and ethics can be covered. Main Thesis The reviewed literature in the literature review section highlights the practice of cross-cultural training in Chinese businesses. The common characteristic of the reviewed literature is that they endorse the essentialness and the need for outside facilitated cross-cultural training in Chinese businesses. However, the literature has served to reveal the inconsistency attributable to approaches adopted by prior researchers to access the extent to which businesses in China use outside organizations in offering cross-cultural training to employees. This section aims at presenting the essential logic of utilizing outside institutions in offering cross-cultural training in Chinese business environment with an aim of permitting empirical research with accord to stable criteria. The presence of diverse cultures can exist to affect the manner in which employees perform in a company owing to the difficulties evident in attempting to adjust to the new business environment. Indeed, this affects them both psychologically and emotionally. The presence of diversified cultures in a business environment especially in China, whose cultures are unique, can surface conflicts between employees. As a result, employee performance worsens and ultimately, the business underperforms. The strategic observation that cross-cultural training should be offered by outside institutions is well informed. As it is affirmed in the reviewed literature, incorporating the use of training services from outside sources promotes the formulation of customized strategies necessary to help in responding to the challenge emanating from the presence of diverse cultures in business environments. The Chinese business environment is perceived to be a complex one and this implies that calculative strategies, mostly offered by outside institutions, are necessary if at all there is a need for employees to become empowered. The development placed on employees to enable them thrive in contrasting cultural setting in a business environment is necessary considering the dynamics of the modern-day world. Simply put, while the current wave of globalization is on an increase, diverse cultures persist. This affirms the need for employees to have multicultural knowledge. This is not a matter of simply cross-cultural training but one offered by outside institutions, which are better versed with the cultural developments. Organizations in cultural diverse environments such as China cannot manage to distance themselves from this aspect. Therefore, it is necessary to incorporate such form of training into its management strategy. Recommendations The following recommendations are advanced by the paper as a way of increasing the managements role of providing cross-cultural training within organizations in China. Make cross-cultural training a priority. The management should ensure that it cultivates the culture of multi-cultural training, whether offered by outside institutions or not. This will empower the employees and give them knowledge regarding how to be successful in inter-cultural business environments. Liaise with higher education facilities offering business related courses and arrange for a session where the employees of the company can go and learn on cross-cultural training. This is particularly advantageous as the employees will have the chance to interact with the institutions professors who will offer exclusive education and training on understanding, interacting and working in diverse cultures in a business environment. Ensure that outside institutions cross-cultural training facilitators are fully supported by the company. A company ought to give support to the facilitator by way of allocating adequate staff, financial and time resources in order to ensure that the program is run successfully. In addition, all the required materials for training should be availed. Periodic training sessions at the convenience of the outside cultural-training facilitator ought to be organized. The aspect of culture is characterized by a significant range of dynamics, which serve to give a business a new shape on almost a daily basis. In other worlds, attributes of culture keeps on changing regularly and this affects a business on a daily basis. Therefore, periodic cross-cultural training offered by outside institutions is necessary to make good of these changes. In summary, cross-cultural training by outside institutions should be an integral aspect of the top management of businesses in areas characterized by diverse cultures. This is particularly necessary to ensure survival and succes s of a business. In reality, an in-house cultural-training program is not adequate and does not help. Indeed, it may make an organization become a chaotic system thus resulting into severe repercussions to the business. Discussion This paper reported a pattern of cross-cultural training in Chinese business environment and attempted to address the pattern from the managerial perspective. In the process of doing so, the bodies of science of cross-cultural trainings concept were reviewed. The objective was to provide a coherent view of the extent to which the outside institutions are better placed to offer cross-cultural training to employees in the Chinese business environment. Going into the future, adequate research on cross-cultural training by outside institutions should be conducted to enable businesses in diverse cultural business settings establish the best practice when it comes to cross-cultural training. This might be perceived as an unnecessary task. However, given the current wave of globalization, such research is necessary for the survival of businesses. However, these research studies ought to further examine the models used in cross-cultural training in relation to the habits of an indivi dual when introduced to foreign business environments. If this is done, knowledge of effective strategies for cross-cultural training would lead to an increased business performance.

Becoming A Licensed Professional Counselor - 2014 Words

Robert F. Kennedy, brother of president John F. Kennedy, is quoted saying, â€Å"Each time a man stands up for an ideal, or acts to improve the lot of others, or strikes out against injustice, he sends forth a tiny ripple of hope, and crossing each other from a million different centers of energy and daring those ripples build a current which can sweep down the mightiest walls of oppression and resistance.† Throughout my life certain events whether they be high or lows, triumphs or failures, have shaped my desire to earn a Masters of Science in Clinical Mental Health Counseling in pursuit of becoming a Licensed Professional Counselor. In August of 2011 I was blessed to become the small group leader of fifteen high school freshman girls. Each one of my fifteen girls had a face and each of those faces had a story to tell. In Grace Baptist Church s Youth Ministry, small groups are the primary way that we connect with our students. 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Essay about Lets Stand Up for Liberty - 752 Words

Who is Robyn Blumner? Perhaps she is simply your everyday editorialist for a daily newspaper. Or, as the former executive director of the American Civil Liberties Union of Florida (ACLU), could she possibly have her own agenda? One of Blumners columns entitled Lets stand up for liberty was published in a well known editorial writers magazine called The Masthead. In summary, it focuses on freedom of speech, and how we tend to lose sight of it, or even have it taken from us during national hardships. She feels that the government tends to deny us of these freedoms when we need them the most, during war. Blumner sturdily supports her claims throughout the course of her column. However, does the fact that she was once affiliated with the†¦show more content†¦Blumner claims during World War I, few editorial boards stood up for civil liberties. Instead, they chose to reflect the xenophobic [anti-immigrant] views of their readership [par.16]. In support, she quotes from a professor of journalism, Joseph McKerns, to back her statement. McKerns asserts foreigners were the ones portrayed as a threat rather than merely exercising free speech [par.18]. He also alleges the daily press made a convenient separation, seeing the speech of the political activist as different from what it did [par.17]. By accentuating her interest of immigrants rights, could it be she is supporting yet again, her past organization? Where do her priorities lie? So far we have identified her support of national freedom and immigrants rights. Throughout the course of the article she also defends the rights of Japanese Americans, German Americans, and defends publishers that were prosecuted for violating the Espionage Act in wartime history. She may have valid claims, but she is still being biased. What about the natives of Iraq that gained liberties from the capture of Saddam Hussein? War doesnt always have viewed negatively. 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Art of Love - 744 Words

The Art of Love, written by Ovid, was a set of three books, the first being a guide or rule book on how to â€Å"pick-up† women and the second book a rule book on how to keep the woman you have or â€Å"caught† satisfied and interested in you. The third and final book that he wrote was written for women on what to do to catch and keep a man, since he felt it was only fair for women to also be â€Å"armed† when it comes to picking- up men. The rules that Ovid describes in The Art of Love are similar to the rules that most people follow in the â€Å"cruising and catching† game because they are effective and produce results, although not all the rules described in Ovid’s book are still used, a great majority of them are and have not changed after so many years.†¦show more content†¦Comparing what he wrote to experiences I have had, I would say they are very similar because I have gone to clubs with friends so that they could â€Å"cast their nets† and â€Å"catch† women. Being in a relationship for five years and going, I am able to relate more to Ovid’s book two which sets the â€Å"rules† to keeping the women that one has â€Å"caught†. I can relate more to that book because all the rules that he explained, I have done. All of the rules that h went over, such as letting her win at games, going to her whenever she needs you and if you have no transportation walk to where she is no matter what the weather is like. The similarities and differences between the â€Å"ways of the hunt† from now and then exist because throughout time, things have changed with society and how they view sex. I believe that the similarities exist because men and women have not changed since the time that he wrote the poem. The relationship between men and women has stayed the same throughout time in which no matter what men and women are still â€Å"wired† the same way and experience the same thin gs every women or man will experience. 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Jetstar Marketing Plan - 6056 Words

Service Definition and Categories Qantas Group Qantas Group Jetstar Jetstar Jetstar Australia Jetstar Australia Jetstar Asia Jetstar Asia Jetstar NZ Jetstar NZ Jetstar Pacific Jetstar Pacific For our marketing plan, we’ll focus on Jetstar Australia domestic operation. Product Category | Key Product | % of Revenue | Short Haul | JetStar Domestic | 57 | Long Haul | JetStar International | 43 | Customer Definition Jetstar is a low cost carrier that caters for people on a limited budget. Its target market is domestic leisure traveller particularly form eastern seaboard. Domestic overnight leisure travel (holiday and visiting friends and relatives) is the largest and most valuable segment of Australia’s†¦show more content†¦The company is listed on the London Stock Exchange s alternate investment market. 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Individual Report of Starbucks Coffee Shop organization

Question: Describe about individual report of starbucks coffee shop organization? Answer: Introduction: The study of this assignment is to identify the component activities for Starbucks Coffee Shop organization and to evaluate the performance objectives used by Starbucks Coffee Shop. The five points discussed in this assignment is Quality, Flexibility, Dependability, Speed, Cost structure of Starbucks Coffee Shop. Background of the company: Starbucks Starbucks Corporation is a global coffee company. They are doing a business of coffee house chain. The company is mainly based in Seattle, Washington. Since, the year 1971 Starbucks Corporation is running their business in United Kingdom. Starbucks is one of the largest coffee house companies in the world. Starbucks rival company is Costa Coffee. Starbucks mainly serves hot and cold beverages, whole bean coffee, micro ground instant coffee, full leaf teas, pastries and snacks. Five performance objectives: Quality: 1. Ethical consumerism at Starbucks: Starbucks always focuses on the quality of products selling to their customers. This is because Starbucks Company always thinks about the customers health and safety, which are one of the significant for Starbucks Company success in their business. Starbuck Company always ensures that the company is very much clean and hygienic including good service and facilities in the coffee shop. Starbucks Company ensures that they will never sacrifice with their quality of the product (Bowersox, Closs and Cooper, 2007). Their product price is little more comparing with the other brands selling coffee in the western company but Starbucks Company always thinks about their customers health and safety. Corporate social responsibility at Starbucks: Corporate Social Responsibilities also known as CSR is used by the Starbucks Company as a tool. CSR helps Starbucks to build competitive advantage over the rival companies of Starbuck Company. By taking CSR in the Companys account, Starbucks Company belongs with the law to run the business smoothly. And secondly, CSR increased the sales volume of the company and improve financial conditions of the Starbucks Company as well. Flexibility: 1. Environmental Impact In the year 1999 Starbucks started making their business environmental friendly. Starbucks started reducing the paper napkin size and store garbage bags. Starbucks also reduces their daily water consumption for rinsing utensils in a sink which wastes lot of water in rinsing the daily utensils in each store of Starbucks. Once the newspaper reported globally about the wastes of 23.4 million liters of water daily in the stores of Starbucks, Starbucks took the initiative to minimize the daily consumption of water for rinsing utensils. Starbucks replaced dipper well with push button system for rinsing their daily utensils. This strategy of Starbuck of minimizing water consumption saves almost 570 liters of water per day for rinsing their utensils (Mangan, Lalwani and Butcher, 2008). 2. Recycling After minimizing the daily water consumption, Starbucks started serving the coffee in a plastic cups. This plastic cups is one time use. And the material used in manufacturing the cup can be recycled. Suddenly, Starbucks announced that the material of the cup is not very much environment friendly that is why the company will give 15% discount on their product if the customer carries their own cups (Mangan, Lalwani and Butcher, 2008). Once the coffee shop announced the news, the customers of the Starbucks appreciate the decision and started carrying their own cups. Dependability: 1. A Plan For Reorganization: When the management of the Starbucks Corporation planned for reorganization of the Supply Chain of the Company, the management of Starbucks put Gibson in the higher post and tried to sort out the problem faced by the company (Schultz and Gordon, 2011). The first two things that Gibson did after getting the new position is, he found the main problem arises in the supply chain of the company and secondly how to cut the price of the product without compromising the product to the customers. Gibbson tried to focus mainly on the supply chain of their company. A result from cost analysis shows a higher outflow for outsourcing. Moreover, the outsourcing has been employed so that higher value can be generated from supply chain and they can attain success for developing store. Gibbson found an innovative idea and submitted its plan to the companys director. Gibbson plan was outlined to classify supply chain of the firm. Further, structure has been abridged and then Starbucks has to concentrate on the declining the cost related to stores and serve the consumer well. 2. Simplifying the Complex According to Peter D. Gibbson, the Supply Chain structure is quite complex mode of model and that is why Peter D. Gibbson tried to make it much easier so that each task or operation can be executed effectively and the function relating to supply chain can be fulfilled even if any person is involved in any kind of activity such as production planning (Bowersox, Closs and Cooper, 2007). If new product launches in the market by Starbucks then the product will be categorized under planning section. Furthermore, procurement of coffee and non-coffee were considered as major source activities. After the supply chain functions were reorganized, each and every department turned their attention to the second supply chain transformation: reducing cost and improving efficiencies. After this effort, the sourcing group worked on identifying the cost driver which was trying to pushing up the prices of the product of the Starbucks. Meanwhile, the manufacturing group of the Starbucks Company developed a better idea for delivering the coffee beans. They planned to expand the coffee plant of Starbucks so that the transportation cost can be cut down. This will give the Starbucks a new height of profit. Starbucks possesses three different coffee plants in the region of United States of America. The Starbucks Company added the fourth coffee plant in their account in Columbia, South Carolina. In addition to four coffee plants owns by the Starbucks Company in United States Of America, The Starbucks also added coffee plants in Amsterdam, the Netherland into their account. The Starbucks Company also owned Tazo tea subsidiary in Portland, Oregon. This idea creates another problem (Bowersox, Closs and Cooper, 2007). This makes another system comes into the role under Starbucks Company. The system is known as Logistic System. Speed: 1. Operation Management at Starbucks: Starbucks Coffee has turned out to be a well known brand globally. The company has got an amazing supply chain all over the nineteen nations. Starbucks Company collects their Coco beans from one country and collect milk for the making of their coffee from another country. Starbucks Company collects sugar from another country and paper comes from another country. This shows that Starbucks Company did not compromise with their products. They collect best quality product for their customers. This global resources span is a great way for Starbucks to expand company and reach more countries than ever before. Not only that, Starbucks Coffee is able to supply the best ingredients to their customers at a lower price. All the raw materials collected by the Starbucks Company go through various processes. The processes are when all the raw materials are collected by the Starbucks sent to a roasting process then manufacturing process and finally into packaging plant. Starbucks has six roasting centers across the world where Coco beans are prepared (Waters, 2010). This centralized system is very effective. These roasting centers verify that each and every Coco beans are roasted and then manufactured and then ready for packaging. Once the Coco beans are prepared, Starbucks starts the delivering process. The amount of coffee being deliver each day is hundred thousands of pounds, but with over seventy thousand deliveries daily. Starbucks is able to supply each store with adequate amounts of coffee. But, now days the operational cost rising high due to that sales has shown a declining point, the company has enforced a three steps strategy to enhance their supply chain performance, cut the cost and be ready for the future. Before problem arises, Starbucks Corporation serves approx 50 million end users in 51 different nations every week from 16,700 retail stores. But in the year 2008, Starbucks understood that its supply chain was not meeting its goal. During the year 2007 to 2008, Starbucks management realized that in United States of America the sales of Starbucks Coffee shop has gone down to almost 10 percent. After this point, Starbucks management realized that the company was commencing the new stores across the globe to their best level. Moreover, the supply chain of the organization concentrated on gaining higher benefit from the proposed expansion plan. It has been understood that the company was highly involved in expanding their stores that they did not majorly focused o n their supply chain and due to that supply chain resulted to higher cost which further increased the expenses of the company. Therefore, the growth of the company slightly declined. The management of the Starbucks realized that they had to attain equilibrium among the performance and rising cost carried by the company. To transform the supply chain of the Starbucks, the management of the company focused three major factors: Realigning the supply chain for higher benefit from operation Declining the cost to minimum level to generate higher income from stores and effective running of the stores. Planning effective strategy to organize the supply chain to produce quality product. 2. Logistics System Starbucks Company collects their raw coffee beans from Latin America, Africa, and Asia to the United States Of America and Europe. From the port all the raw coffee beans are sending to six storage sites at a roasting plant. When the raw coffee beans were roasted in the roasting plant, it was sent into their distribution centers in USA (Waters, 2010). The Starbucks Company owns two regional distributions and three distributions are operated by the third party logistics companies. It also has two distributions centers in Europe and two in Asia, all of which is operated by the third party logistic companies. Depending on their locations, the stores are supplied by the large regional distribution centers or by small warehouses called central distribution centers. Starbucks use 33 central distribution centers in United States Of America, seven in the Asia region, five in Canada, and three in Europe (Waters, 2010). This causes delivery costs and execution are intertwined. After all this, P eter D. Gibbson and his team analyzed that the Starbuck Company is improving in both the sector. Cost: The Company reduces $ 1 per bag on its coffee beans. As per the recent article the firm earns almost $ 380 million by selling coffee in their coffee shop at a margin of 25.5 %. The firm was gaining almost $ 2.55 per kg. As the company reduces $ 1 per bag on its coffee, they had to sell almost 65 % more bags of Coffee beans to make same profit by selling the companys product. Conclusion: The object of this thesis was to investigate how Starbucks Company succeeds in running their business in profit. As the Starbucks Company was running almost 20 % to 30 % less profit. Keeping this in mind the Starbucks Company management and Peter D. Gibbson identifies the problem that why the company was running in low profit. After identifying the problem the management and Peter D. Gibbson reorganized some plan and implemented all new plans to make the Starbucks Company back into its own track of profit. The management of the Starbucks took three decisions to back into the track of profit are: 1. Organized the Companys supply chain. 2. Cost is reduced by the company and execution is also increased. Recommendation: 1. Recycling and reducing waste: All the wastes that are throwing out by the Starbucks should be recycled else it will hamper the environment. Enormous cups are used daily by the customers of the company which are affecting the environment. These wastes should be take care by the firm so that the environment does not get hamper with these wastes. 2. Building stores in energy saving mode: The firm should build their stores by using energy saving mode. As the firm is consuming plenty of energy and using plenty of water. They should take care of this point. The firm should use LED lights so that the company can consume less electricity. This will cut their electricity bill and the firm can gain more profit from it.3. Starbucks provides premium coffee to their customers which cause high prices of the coffee comparing with the other brands in the western countries. Starbucks Company showed a good environmental concern but other brands provides their coffee to their customers at a very cheap price. So, Starbuck should think about their price strategy to attract more customers. They should provide a good quality product to their customers with cheaper price. Starbucks may provide some price promotions to motivate the customers. Not only the Starbucks customer but it will also motivate the customers of the rival companies of Starbuck s Company. This is an aspect that Starbuck can improve upon. References Schultz, H. and Gordon, J. (2011). Onward. New York, NY: Rodale. Bowersox, D., Closs, D. and Cooper, M. (2007). Supply chain logistics management. Boston, Frazelle, E. (2002). Supply chain strategy. New York: McGraw-Hill. Waters, C. (2010). Global logistics. London: Kogan Page. Mangan, J., Lalwani, C. and Butcher, T. (2008). Global logistics and supply chain management. Chichester, England: John Wiley Sons. Behar, H. and Goldstein, J. (2009). It's not about the coffee. New York: Portfolio. Berman, S. (2009). Best gay stories 2009. Maple Shade, NJ: Lethe Press. Gilbert, S. (2009). The story of Starbucks. Mankato, Minn.: Creative Education. Simon, B. (2009). Everything but the coffee. Berkeley: University of California Press. Bussing-Burks, M. (2009). Starbucks. Santa Barbara, Calif.: Greenwood Press. Gross, D., Lynd, S. and Keough, T. (2011). Solidarity unionism at Starbucks. Oakland, CA: PM Press. Israel, S. (2009). Twitterville. New York: Portfolio. Michelli, J. (2007). The Starbucks experience. New York: McGraw-Hill. Ryan, R. (2008). Snapshots at St. Arbuck's. Las Vegas, NV: Dream Chasers Media Group, LLC. Schultz, H. (2011). Onward. Chichester: Wiley. Simon, B. (2009). Everything but the coffee. Berkeley, Calif. [u.a.]: Univ. of California Press. Van Vooren, N. (2006). Camping out in the coffee shop world. Fellner, K. (2008). Wrestling with Starbucks. New Brunswick, NJ: Rutgers University Press. Gilbert, S. (2008). The story of Starbucks. Mankato, MN: Creative Education. Caudwell, J. (2011). Starbucks in the Stacks. The Serials Librarian, 61(3-4), pp.321-322. Freeburg, C. (2012). Teaching Literature and the Bitter Truth about Starbucks. Profession, 2012(1), pp.25-30. Kalnins, A. and Stroock, L. (2011). Pouring Israel into a Starbucks Cup. Cornell Hospitality Quarterly, 52(2), pp.135-143. Phillips, M. and Rippin, A. (2010). Howard and the mermaid: abjection and the Starbucks' Foundation memoir. Organization, 17(4), pp.481-499. Zhang, X. (2011). Communicating Coffee Culture through the Big Screen: Starbucks in American Movies. Comparative American Studies, 9(1), pp.68-84.

Case Study Nursing

Question: Discuss about the Case Studyfor Nursing. Answer: Key Elements of the Demographic Data The demographic data provides the name of the patient as Mr. Kasim Al-Mutar. Provision of the patient's name is necessary for identification purposes. There may be other patients with similar medical conditions to the patient in question. The name would, therefore, be used to identify the intended patient. Besides, it is for every nurse to know the patient he or she is attending to by name. The patients age which is 49 years is also indicated. Diseases have different effects on people depending on the age of the persons. Besides, administration of medicine dose is pegged on a patients age. The data also indicates the condition from which the patient is suffering from. Symptoms which the patient has shown for the condition have also been indicated. The diagnosis information regarding the patients condition and symptoms would enable the next nurse to also relate the two and provides confirmation that the symptoms are not meant for any other medical problem ( Rosenthal, Zenilman, Mark , 2001). The name of the condition has been provided as cholecystitis. That is necessary because the next nurse should know the condition for the symptoms. The previous nurse has further presented details indicating the patient's HR as 126, BP as 100/45 and the temperature as 38.8 (Bayless Diehl, 2005). These diagnosis details of the patient would enable the next nurse the patients symptoms to his indicated condition. The details are also very helpful in deciding on the appropriate treatment to be administered to the patient. The former nurse further indicated that the patient was pale yellow with dry mucus membranes. He had severe RUQ pain and had vomited two hours ago. In addition, the patient was asking to drink water. The information regarding the skin colour and the vomiting of the patient would enable the next nurse in determining whether to provide the patient with water or not and at what time. The pale yellow colour of the skin could also tell that the patient had stayed longer with the sickness and his body fluid might have dropped significantly. Finally, the previous nurse has provided a description of the person who has escorted the patient to the hospital. He has been escorted by his daughter who is 12 years old. The daughter is under age and hence cannot bear any responsibility. The health facility must therefore fully take care of the patient since the daughter is simply a witness who would observe how the father is being attended to. The presented scenario is a usual complaint about the ag e and gender. The presented symptoms such as vomiting, fever, and pain in the right shoulder and upper abdomen are those of cholecystitis. However, the fact that the patient has been escorted by a daughter of 12 years old speaks volumes (DeWit O'Neill, 2013). That alone may be an indication that the patient is elderly and neglected by his family members. He, therefore, could only get his younger daughter to escort him to the hospital. Additional Information that may beMissing The information regarding the period of which the patient has experienced the mentioned symptoms has not been provided. There should also be information indication the medical history of the patient (Lundy Janes, 2009). Such information would enable the next nurse to tell whether the patient has suffered from the condition before or not. The information is crucial in determining the kind of treatment that should be administered to the patient. Also, there should be information showing if there is any medication that had been administered to the patient by the time he was being handed over to the next nurse. If any, then the description, dose and time of administration of the medicine should be presented to the next nurse (Wilson Giddens, 2012). The information would be helpful to the nurse in deciding on the next course of action. Finally, it was necessary for the second nurse to be furnished with contact information of the patients close relatives. The patient has come to the medi cal facility in the company of an underage daughter (WeberJanet Jane, 2013). It is, therefore, necessary for the next nurse to have contact information of any other close family about the patient who could be reached in case of any problem or even consultation. Cholecystitis is a disease that affects mostly people who have had gallbladder problems, a disorder known as gastrointestinal (DiMarino, 2002). However, there is missing information regarding whether the patient was also suffering from the disorder or not. It was, therefore, necessary for the next nurse to be furnished with information regarding the performance of the patients gallbladder too (Eachempati Reed, 2015). Interpretation of what I Currently Know about the Presenting Problem The patient is suffering from cholecystitis and has stayed with the condition for quite some time. He has lost a lot of body fluids as a result of the condition, and he needed urgent attention. The situation is evident by the fact the patient had turned pale yellow and had dry mucous membranes. The presenting problem has made the patients body temperature to significantly rise (Bayless Diehl, 2005). The patient experiences a lot of pain, particularly on his tip shoulder. He has also had vomiting cases. All these are an indication that the patient has been dehydrated. He had requested for drinking water by the time that he was being presented to the second nurse. The expected assessment finding would be the need to restore the patients fluid level before further medication is administered to him. Another expected finding would be the possibility of gallstone disease alongside cholecystitis. Cholecystitis is associated with gallstone disease. However, the symptoms of gallstone disease are not commonly visible in adult patients (Williams Wilkins, 2009). Identification of Problems and Issues Cholecystitis is a disease that is characterized by the swelling of the gall bladder (Wilson Giddens, 2012). I would, therefore, need to conduct an assessment of the patients gall bladder to monitor if there are swelling on it. In addition, I would find out from the patient if he had ever had any gallbladder complications in the past. In completing the patients admission assessment, I would invite a caregiver to be a witness since the daughter who had accompanied the patient was a child (NANDA International, 2014). I would inquire about the history patients current illness and past medical history. I would also be interested in knowing the kind of medications that have been administered to the patient, the patients immunization status as well as his family history. There are additional requirements which had not been taken by the first nurse that would have to be taken. Such measurements include the weight of the patient during admission, height, and respiratory rate. I would also a ssess the working of the patients body organs, particularly the gall bladder whose malfunction is commonly associated with the condition ( Rosenthal, Zenilman, Mark , 2001). This focused health assessment would need to be conducted because they help in determining the next course of action to be taken on the patient. A person who is not suffering from the condition would be much healthy. He or she would not be suffering from the kinds of pains that the patient is complaining of. At the same time, there will be no cases of vomiting and fever. A persons skin colour would also not be pale yellow, but dark reddish, an indication that the person has sufficient body fluid (Eachempati Reed, 2015). Detail of the Assessment I would first invite health caregiver into the room where I would assess the patient. The healthcare provider would act as a witness during the entire process. I would also welcome the daughter to be in our company since she is the one who had come alongside the father, even though she is underage. I would then introduce myself to the patient and also explain to him all the assessments that I would carry out. I would also explain the reason why such assessment was necessary (Wilson Giddens, 2012). There are some assessments that had not been carried out by the first nurse. I would, therefore, move on and carry the out. I would inquire about the patients current and past medical history. Another information that I would inquire is the patients family history so that I would be able to reach out to them if the need arises (WeberJanet Jane, 2013). Finally, I would take measurements such as weight, height, heart rate. There are instruments designed for taking the measurements so there would be no problem. However, it would be necessary to confirm some of the information given by the patient. I would interview the daughter separately to confirm the information that would have been provided by the father regarding their family history as well as the fathers current medical history. Since the two stay together, the daughter may have additional information that the father may fail to present given his deteriorated medical situation. I would also inquire from the patient about the kinds of medicines that had been administered to him before the visit. Finally, I would like safe guard the confidentiality of all the information that the patient and the daughter would have shared with me (DeWit O'Neill, 2013). References Rosenthal, R. A., Zenilman, M. E., Mark , R. (2001). Principles and Practice of Geriatric Surgery. Springer Science Business Media. Bayless, T. M., Diehl, A. (2005). Advanced Therapy in Gastroenterology and Liver Disease. PMPH-USA. DeWit, S. C., O'Neill, P. A. (2013). Fundamental Concepts and Skills for Nursing. Elsevier Health Sciences. DiMarino, A. J. (2002). Gastrointestinal Disease: An Endoscopic Approach. SLACK Incorporated. Eachempati, S. R., Reed, L. R. (2015). Acute Cholecystitis. Springer. Lundy, K. S., Janes, S. (2009). Community Health Nursing. Jones Bartlett Learning. NANDA International. (2014). Nursing Diagnoses 2012-14: Definitions and Classification. John Wiley Sons. WeberJanet, R., Jane, K. (2013). Health Assessment in Nursing. Lippincott Williams Wilkin. Williams , L., Wilkins. (2009). Professional Guide to Diseases. Lippincott Williams Wilkins. Wilson, S. F., Giddens, J. F. (2012). Health Assessment for Nursing Practice - Pageburst E-Book on VitalSource5: Health Assessment for Nursing Practice - Pageburst E-Book on VitalSource. Elsevier Health Sciences.